When you have both ovaries removed (bilateral oophorectomy or surgical menopause), you remove your body’s main source of estrogen, and estrogen levels plummet lower than in natural menopause.

These extremely low levels of estrogen are thought to be the main cause of both bothersome menopausal symptoms and long-term health risks in surgical menopause. Thankfully, taking estrogen in surgical menopause reduces both.

Read more here: www.iapmd.org/estrogen-therapy

Visit www.iapmd.org/surgery for lots of evidence-based information and resources for those considering, going through or recovering from surgery for PMDD/PME.